The Writings of J.D. Salinger Essay - 1513 Words

The Writings of J.D. Salinger Jerome David Salinger, known as J.D., is an American short story writer and novelist. He was born on January 1, 1919 and is still alive at the age of 81. J.D. Salinger was born and raised in Manhattan. He went to prep school at Valley Forge Military Academy from 1934-1936. He spent 5 months in Europe when he was 18 or 19 years old. Then, in 1937 and 1938 he studied at Ursinus College and New York University. From 1939 to 1942, he went to Columbia University where he decided to become a writer. Salinger published short story collections and one novel. His best known work, The Catcher in the Rye, was published in 1951. The short stories he wrote were Nine Stories in 1953, Franny and Zooey in 1961,†¦show more content†¦By the time they make it through the end of the story they have changed for the better. One of these characters that he writes about in this situation is Holden Caufield in The Catcher in the Rye. He starts off in a bad situation because he has just flunked out o f his third private boarding school. He finally gives up life on his own in Manhattan and returns home in solitude where he finds happiness. The critics found these situations that the characters were in debatable (Hamilton 113). In Franny and Zooey, Franny and Zooey Glass are an example of Salingers misfit characters of the 60s. They are brother and sister who are super-intelligent freaks and cannot deal with society or reality. The controversy comes when they must chose between Salingers two worlds - the real or phony. Their older brothers teach them Zen Buddhism and many other religions and philosophies. Salinger uses this religious theme with these two characters to show how they have to deal with their world of religion and how they have to stop using religion to deal with their problems (Green). This religious theme was a controversial one for the author. Salinger often uses religion for comfort. He leads his characters on a journey for happiness through religion. It is a way to free them. Salinger uses much of the Zen philosophy to attain this freedom. The Zen Philosophy was a new sect of Buddhism thatShow MoreRelatedJ.D. Salinger is Holden Caulfield1666 Words   |  7 Pages Jerome David Sali nger is an odd character with a colorful background. He was a young man unable to complete college and obtain a degree, yet he was made very popular due to his writing abilities. â€Å"Despite his slim body of work and reclusive lifestyle, ‘Salinger’ was one of the more influential twentieth century American writers.† states Biography.com, â€Å"His landmark novel, Catcher in the Rye, set a new course for literature in post World War II America.† The Catcher in the Rye told aRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Salinger And Holden Caulfield1671 Words   |  7 PagesHolden Caulfield has many conflicts and life lessons. Throughout the story the author, J.D. Salinger, creates events that make the main character realize that in life people change and grow. The message behind the story is let children grab the â€Å"gold ring† and you can’t always be the catcher in the rye. All of the things that make Holden who he is have many resemblances to the life of the author, J.D. Salinger.   Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the similarities between Holden and Salinger’s lives are they both attendedRead More salinger Essay843 Words   |  4 Pages LIFE AND PHILOSOPHY OF J.D. SALINGER J.D. Salinger is one of the most renowned writers of his time. J. D. Salinger is most known for his controversial in the Catcher in the Rye. Salinger is also known for many of his writings such as Franney and Zooey, Nine Stories, and Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters. The summer of 1930 he was voted â€Å"The Most Popular Writer†. â€Å"Salinger is a beautifully deft, professional who gives us a chance to catch quick, half-amused, half-frightened glimpses ofRead MoreHolden Salinger s The Catcher s The Rye 898 Words   |  4 PagesRye, by J.D. Salinger, the main character and narrator Holden Caulfeild walks many different paths of life. He jumps around different aspects of his life throughout the book, showing the reader many different sides to himself. This theme is presented through the author’s technique in crafting the characterization and symbolism. J.D. Salinger develops a puzzle of a personality for Holden throughout the book, to show the complexity and mult itude of sides to Holden’s character. One way that J.D. SalingerRead MoreCatcher in the Rye Abstract Essay1364 Words   |  6 PagesAuthor: Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger Author’s Background: J.D. Salinger was born on January 1, 1919, in New York City, New York. Jerome David Salinger was born to Sol Salinger and his wife Miriam (J.D. Salinger). Though he was a bright young man, when he attended McBurney School, he ended up flunking out and was soon after sent to Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania (J.D. Salinger). After graduating Valley Forge, a couple years later, Salinger finally found the right schoolRead More The Catcher and the Rye / Huckleberry Finn Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesto twist or stretch the meaning in order to fit the material to which it applies. For example, the way J.D Salinger applies innocence to his work is quite different from the way Mark Twain uses innocence. Innocence also changes accordingly with the time period. The definition of innocence is dynamic with respect to author and time period, as illustrated in The Catcher in the Rye, by J.D Salinger and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. Throughout history the concept of innocence in literatureRead MoreSalinger s A Pretty Good Life Growing Up1269 Words   |  6 PagesGiselle Baez Ms. Cordil English 11R - A 11 May 2016 J.D. Salinger had a pretty good life growing up. He was born in New York City on January 1, 1919. Salinger’s academics weren t one of his priorities, but he did want to become one of the most famous authors. After failing several prep schools, he finally graduated from Valley Forge Military Academy in Pennsylvania (Telgen 117). He went to numerous colleges including Columbia University but didn t graduate from any. Salinger’s early adultRead MoreSummary Of Salinger s The Catcher Rye And Franny And Zooey 1966 Words   |  8 PagesSpecifically, J.D. Salinger. He is a well-known author who has wrote many influential books such as The Catcher in the Rye and Franny and Zooey. Salinger’s childhood, education, significant people, major influences,and historical events have all had an impact on how he became the face of a literary movement as well as his contributions to the art of American Literature. Jerome David Salinger was born on January 1, 1919 in New York CIty. His mother, Mariam Salinger, and father, Sol Salinger, also hadRead MoreEssay about J.D. Salingers Development of Holden Caulfield1174 Words   |  5 Pages Many authors put their own life as inspiration towards their works and characters. J.D. Salinger’s character development of Holden Caulfield has been affected by Salinger’s complications in his school life, devastating past relationships, and overwhelming traumatic events during his pre-The Catcher in the Rye adulthood. J.D. Salinger’s school life had many significant events that are shown through Holden Caulfield in The Catcher in the Rye. In the novel, the 17-year-old Holden Caulfield leavesRead MoreComparison Of IM Crazy By J. D. Salinger746 Words   |  3 PagesWhen J.D. Salinger went to war, he not only affected his own life, but also the life of Holden Caulfield. Similarities between Salinger and Caulfield are too numerous to write off as coincidence: both went to and flunked out of prep schools, and both had a penchant for language classes. Salinger’s life greatly impacted the plot and style of his works because Salinger used himself as inspiration for Holden, as demonstrated through â€Å"I’m Crazy†, â€Å"Slight Rebellion off Madison†, and The Catcher in the

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Financial Statement Analysis and Business Valuation of Tcs

Financial Statement Analysis and Business Valuation of TCS By: Prashant Chaudhary Table of Contents About TCS 3 Calculation of Beta 3 Cost of Capital 4 Concepts of Cost of Capital 4 Weighted Average Cost of Capital 6 Financial Ratios 8 Liquidity Ratios 8 Solvency Ratios 8 Profitability Ratios 9 Comparison with Competitors in the Industry 10 Free Cash Flow 11 Sales forecast 13 Reformulated balance sheet 14 Reformulated Income Statement 15 Appendix A: Balance Sheet 16 Appendix B: Profit amp; Loss account (in Rs. Crores) 17 Appendix C: Cash Flow (in Rs. Crores) 19 About TCS Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) is Software services consulting company headquartered in Mumbai, India. TCS is the largest†¦show more content†¦This is the rate of return that a firm would receive if it invested in a different vehicle with similar risk. Cost of debt is the effective rate that a company pays on its current debt. This can be measured in either before- or after-tax returns. A company will use various bonds, loans and other forms of debt, so this measure is useful for giving an idea as to the overall rate being paid by the company to use debt financing. The measure can also give investors an idea as to the riskiness of the company compared to others, because riskier companies generally have a higher cost of debt. Cost of debt = Kd = Interest/Total borrowing | | Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | Interest expense | 3.4400 | 7.4400 | 9.5400 | Total borrowing | 18.2500 | 40.3700 | 35.7400 | Cost of debt (%) | 18.8493 | 18.4295 | 26.6928 | Tax calculation | | Year | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | PBT | 5,003.86 | 5,139.68 | 6,370.38 | TAX paid | 457.58 | 340.37 | 737.89 | TAX Proportion | 0.0914 | 0.0662 | 0.1158 | Cost of Debt After Tax | 0.1268 | 0.1231 | 0.1830 | Cost of Debt After Tax (%) | 12.68% | 12.31% | 18.30% | A firms cost of equity represents the compensation that the market demands in exchange for owning the asset and bearing the risk of ownership. It is basically the return that stockholders require for a company. Cost of equity can be determined using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM). Cost of Equity =Show MoreRelatedThe Cash Flow Of The Free Cash Flows ( Fcf )1609 Words   |  7 PagesFirm Valuation As shown in Exhibit 4, in order to value a company we first started by calculating the free cash flows (FCF) year by year. In order to do so, we decided to use the forecasted revenue numbers from Capital IQ and calculate all the other metrics by using the trends we saw in last three years (Exhibit 3). The company can allocate free cash flow in several ways, including but not limited to: repurchasing stock, reinvesting for growth and paying out dividends. After calculating the freeRead MoreHope Case Essay1146 Words   |  5 PagesProblem statement: CHN Incorporated is evaluating the purchase of Hope Enterprises. 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Environment Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...5 4. IT Industry Overview†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 5. Company Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 6. Ratio Analysis†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...15 Liquidity Ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 EfficiencyRead MoreFlash Memory Inc. 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Production Planning and Control Management

Question: Discuss about the Production Planning and Control Management. Answer: Introduction For this report Coca Cola Company has been chosen since it has the largest supply chains in the world. The supply chain of the beverage companies is similar to that of other manufacturing companies with distribution, retailers and consumers all playing their respective roles. This report will basically focus on an overview of the company supply chain. The company has a unique supply chain management in that in that it only produces syrups concentrates then sells them to bottling enterprises over the world. The paper will analyze the main key flows of supply chain applied by Coca Cola, how effective they are, and suggest recommendations of how company can improve. Also the report addresses the make processes well as the supply chain forecasting. Coca cola is one of the powerful brands in the world, an iconic beverage manufacturer that has dominated the market for more than a whole century. Currently offering about 500 brands in over 200 countries serving around 1.8 customers all over the world on daily bases, it prides for top four non-alcoholics beverages which are Diet Coke, Fanta, and Sprite among others like juices, energy drinks, and water. Its success has been as a result of a vision and a system based of excellence. (Hayes, 2007) Coca Cola Enterprises which is the companys main bottler in Western Europe, the company aims at being the leading or a strong number two in all sectors it competes in. Coca cola just like any other organization with long term goals faces numerous challenges to achieve a sustainable growth. To ensure continued consumption of their products regardless of the recipes for products being similar the company uses diverse multiple formulas in preparation of their drinks, this ensures successful supply chains over and over again. It also strives to ensure that it delivers fresh products throughout, makes sure their shelves as well as those of their distributors and retailers are always stocked; this is the long run results into satisfied and happy customers (Rodgers, 2011) The supply chain of Coca Cola contains of the bottling plants, bottling plants as well as the raw materials supply. The company has a distinction between their direct suppliers (of the ingredients, packaging, market equipments promotion services and materials) and the supply of raw materials food their ingredients. Coca cola has managed to create a sustainable supply of raw materials from its suppliers as well as ensuring there is a continued flow of products to its consumers at all times. This is made possible through the various retailers and distributors that the company has worldwide. Information needs to have a smooth flow both internally and externally, information on purchase orders, monthly schedules, technological change requests are among the internal information that Coca cola ensures flows smoothly internally, on the other side still the company maintains a smooth flow of external information ,for example it ensures there is quality complaints handling, suppliers information flow, the company ensures this is achieved through constant interactions between customers and suppliers, also it incorporates distributors, retailers, and providers of logistics into their overall network of information (Koh, 2007) According to the Coca-Cola Enterprises report (2015) the company through the help of other IT systems is able to provide more accurate inventories, maintain information on sales and orders. The information is then gathered and consolidated into the APS system, this helps in having smooth information thought the company. Coca cola has system that allows for quotations, purchase orders, quality complaints, reports on supplier performance flows from the side of the customers to suppliers By applying the game theory in future the company can see its revenues shoot from their current position, then company should realize this by analyzing the conflicting perspectives that exists between decision makers in the different business scenarios , to increase and create a sustainable supply chain its recommended that they strive to achieve a win situation. Due to the numerous transactions the company carries out every day the company has to ensure there is a clear illustration of the flow of money in the company, cash in and cash out must be clearly indicated and the information on all transactions should be clearly recorded (Harford, 2007) .For Coca cola based on the transactions and suppliers invoices, the customer must be issued with the invoice and go through them for correctness, if its correct money flows from the customers flows to the suppliers., at times money also flows from suppliers to customers in form of debit notes. In future to further the companys sales transactions the company should combine all its components, this includes the human , capital, information, raw materials and financial resources, this helps the company come up with a sub system as part the large system that assists the company in its networking. It will as well see to it that the internal and external factors which results into cash flows are harmoniously integrated. Return flows entails the backward flow of the activities, its not possible to have a zero products return in a companys supply chain. Mostly return flows occurs as a result of delivery mistakes, for Coca-Cola Company being a large company conducting online transactions, offering direct-to-home/ store shipments, as well as complexities that come along with global sourcing exposes the company to some delivery mistakes (Malone, 2004).Returns flows has negative impact on all parties involved in the companys transaction, dissatisfied customers who sends back the purchased products, the supplier who have to receive back the products, the manufacturer who used the raw materials to produce unwanted products. This therefore leads us to the critical need for carrying out return flows planning and being prepared for such eventualities at all times. Coca-Cola like any other company should embrace it and the outcome will be planned and regulated costs of operating the business, satisfied customer s that in the long run impacts positively on the companys Return on Investments(Malone, 2004) Coca cola is the one of the leading world best known beverage brands globally; its brands are found all over especially in supermarkets. A coca cola enterprise (CCE) is the one responsible for the manufacturing and distribution of its products. For its production it buys syrup concentrates from the main company Coca cola, combining it with other relevant ingredients to produce the iconic beverages. In planning for its production activities the company has established a uniform IT system program along all its strategic business units, this allows for a consistent products standards and product processes. This enables the company to easily integrate new technologies and business practices into their systems, which enables management of dependentdemand records, as well as carrying out necessary order replenishments. The system gives information on the quantity of end products produced during certain periods of time .in planning for its material requirements the company takes note of the bill of materials, usage quantities, the inventory records, overall item components and the parent-component relationship and finally the future is segmented into time periods(Jacoby, 2009) Coca-Cola Company has 100% timely deliveries to their customers, in all its facilities as well as a fulfilled order fulfillment. On the suppliers each of the companys facility has an efficient and timely delivery performance strategy, with improved business processes that have great reductions in cycle times between the purchasing order time and the customer order processing time. Material Requirement Planning (MRP) of the company time-phased information consists of the scheduled receipts, overall gross requirements, planned order releases, the projected on hand inventory and has achieved Class A MRP II performances over time. Its inventory turnover continues to improve as on hand inventory has declined from 50 to 75%, with productivity gains rising from 85% to 100 %(Krishner, 2014). In future the company can apply Organizational buying behavior theory to pre contract and managing the demands of the company from its customers, this can be effectively done at the procurement department, its impacts and application differs depending on the companys risks at different times(Handfield Nichols, 1999) The company should incorporate political decision-making models in solving interdepartmental conflicts and create smooth production activities. It also helps in choosing the potential customers, assessing the purchase bid expressed on its products as well as in choosing the right suppliers. The company should as well use game theory in making future economic decisions that affect the company and customers as well as the suppliers; this will help in making anticipations about the other partys moves. By applying this theory the coca cola will be in a position to make predictions regarding the behavior of its customers as well as that of its suppliers based on their repeated interactions. This will help reduce inventories and regulate the return flows(Handfield Nichols, 1999). Supply Chain Forecasting Supply chain has several techniques that organizations can use in forecasting their productions trends. These include; This is based on judgmental evaluations, its useful in cases where by the available data is very scarce, or data is no longer relevant, or in extreme cases the data is no longer available at all. Examples of such forecasts in a business are forced sales estimates, visionary market forecasts and the Delphi methods (Blanchard, 2010) Coca cola can make use of the qualitative forecasts when opening up new branches by making a vision on the possible market availability of its products before setting up facility, they will give them a rough idea of the possible market in the region. This method use the past or historical data to forecast on the supply chain, it helps is estimating the nature of demand at given times, in deciding on these both internal and external factors must be considered (Greene .Armstrong, 2012) In the example we have above of the Coca cola company application of this model can be done by taking the sales records as well as the purchase orders at a given time of the year in the past then deriving the anticipated sales demands and supply chains in the future , at such times of the year in the future. This is a visual model, in that visual information is used to predict the sales patterns, the information to be used is plotted graphically, with the use of graphs it gets easier to monitor the sales and purchase trends, hence becomes easy to fore tell on the anticipated trend (Ellis, 2008). As manager its easy to convert data on spreadsheets into graphs which are simple, easy and quick to analyze and come up with the desired forecasts. This method entails making forecasts on sales data when a definite pattern are present in the company , be it upward or downward, trend models includes the regression model, exponential smoothing as well as the triple smoothing. Coca Cola is best suit to use these forecast methods since it has both upward activities and downward activities patterns, hence suitability of their application (https://www.apics.org/) In conclusion market as well as demand forecasts are useful tools in deciding on prices, assessment of future capacities needed, as well in making an analyses and settling on decisions on new marketing entrance or on product expansions or setting up new markets for the available products. Its important to have real data when carrying out an analysis of the overall market demands that gives an estimate of the volume of products that would be purchased by a certain consumer group in geographically defined regions. Each company therefore irrespective of the industry should have clear records stored in their inventories and a Coca-Cola is no exemption. References Blanchard, D. (2010). Supply Chain Management Best Practices (2nd ed.). (J. W. Sons, Ed.) ISBN 9780470531884. Ellis, K. (2008). Production Planning and Inventory Control Virginia Tech. McGraw Hill. Greene, K. C., .Armstrong, J. S. (2012). Strutrured analogies for forecasting. Handfield, R. B., Nichols, E. L. (1999). Introduction to Supply Chain Management. New York: Pritience Hall ISBN 0-13-621616-1. Harford, T. (2007, May 11). The Mystery of the 5-cent Coca-Cola. Why its so hard for companies to raise prices. Slate. Hayes, J. (2007, July 10). Coca-Cola Television Advertisement. Dr. John S. pEMBERTON. Nation Restaurant . Jacoby, D. (2009). Guide to Supply Chain Management: How Getting it Right Boosts Corporate Perfomance (1st ed. ed.). (E. Books, Ed.) Bloomberg Press. Koh, N. I. (2007). Production Planning Control. The Management Operations, 16, 545-554. Krishner, A. (2014). Material Requirements Planning. Coca-Cola MRP. Malone, R. (2004). Closing the Supply Chain Loop: Reverse Logistics and SCOR Model. Digital Editions. Rodgers, K. (2011, February 15). This American Life bursts Coca Cola bubble. What is in the Original Recipe.